PARENTING STYLES

During our lives our role in society changes and the responsibilities and tasks that await us are unavoidable. One of these roles accompanied by many responsibilities and duties is parenting. From children we become adults, then we become someone's partner, and later, by our choice, also parents. The way parents interact and discipline their children has an essential role and extraordinary influence on children's lives, therefore parents, based on their values, education, and attitudes, choose the most suitable parenting style for them, in order to ensure their children a healthy and safe growth.

Some of them interact a lot with their children's lives and some choose to stay more distant, some are more warm and communicative, and some of them are more strict and controlling. If you've ever wondered, "What kind of parent do I want to be?" then you are in the right place, because we will elaborate and talk exactly about parenting and its types.

Different researchers have divided parenting styles into different ways and types, but we will focus on the 4 types of parenting style according to Diana Baumrind.

She divides them into four categories:

• Authoritarian parenting style
• Authoritative parenting style
• Permissive parenting style
• Neglectful parenting style.

Authoritarian Parenting Style

Parents of this style tend to have poor communication. The parent sets strict rules and the child obeys them, never giving the children the opportunity to negotiate. They expect their children to respect these standards by making no mistakes, and if mistakes are made they are usually guided with severe punishments. This parenting style can result in children who have higher levels of aggression, but can also be shy, socially inept (Masud, 2019), have poor self-esteem and an inability to make decisions (Martínez, 2007 ). According to Muhammad, Rathi and Baroi (2022), there is a very high correlation between authoritarian parenting and children's aggression.

Authoritative Parenting Style

This style compared to the Authoritative one is clearly different. Parents of this style have warm relationships with their children and constant communication among themselves. They understand that their children are young and offer them enough freedom to experience new experiences. These parents set clear expectations for their children, and every time they explain to them the reasons for disciplinary actions, making it clear why, how they affect and what are the rules that they must follow. Disciplinary methods are used as support rather than punishment. There is regular and appropriate communication between parent and child, where children are free to talk about different aspects. This parenting style results in more positive results for children, but at the same time it requires patience and effort from both parties. According to Masud (2019),
children raised by parents who use this style are more confident and responsible. They perform more positively in many areas of life, manage their negative emotions more easily and effectively, have better social skills, emotional health, higher self-esteem, success in academic achievement, and believe that they are capable of achieved their goals.

Permissive Parenting Style

Parents of this type of parenting act more like friends than parents. They are warm, nurturing and have minimal expectations of their children. As for the rules, they are very rare and there is a lack of communication. They give children freedom and opportunities to understand things on their own. They do not use any form of discipline. However, on the other hand, this excessive freedom can lead to negative results, since children decide for themselves about their own things, such as bedtime, whether or not to do schoolwork, time in front of the screen, and so on. As for personality, this excessive freedom gives them high self-confidence since they are always used to doing things as and when they want. At the same time, they may show signs of impulsivity, selfishness and problems with self-regulation (Leeman, 2014).

NEGLECTABLE PARENTING STYLE

This type of parenting, different from the other four types, offers a much greater freedom to their children. As parents, they meet the children's needs and basic requirements, but they are very detached from the children's private life, having a more distant and cold relationship. Similar to permissive parenting, these parents have minimal expectations of their children and lack communication. Children of uninvolved parents generally perform poorly in almost every area of ​​life. These children tend to show deficits in cognition, attachment, emotional skills, and social skills. Due to the lack of emotional responsiveness and love from their parents, children raised by uninvolved parents may have difficulty forming attachments later in life (Hong, 2012).

Prepared by : Fjolla Murati

References

Hong, E. (2012). Impacts of parenting on children’s schooling.
https://ro.uow.edu.au/jseem/vol2/iss1/7/

Leeman RF, Patock-Peckham JA, Hoff RA, Krishnan-Sarin S, Steinberg MA, Rugle LJ, Potenza MN. (2014). Types of Parenting Styles and Effects On Children.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568743/#:~:text=Permissive%20parents%20tend%20to%20be,in%20rare%20uses%20of%20discipline.

Martínez I, García JF. (2007). Types of Parenting Styles and Effects On Children.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568743/

Masud H, Ahmad MS, Cho KW, Fakhr Z. (2019). Types of Parenting Styles and Effects On Children.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568743/

Muhammad, N., Rathi, S., Baroi, B. (2022). Authoritarian Parenting: Its Impact, Causes, and Indications.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/overcoming-destructive-anger/202402/authoritarian-parenting-its-impact-causes-and-indications